Kalama Sutta
原文：
To the Kalamas
Translated from the Pali by
Thanissaro Bhikkhu
I have heard that on one occasion the Blessed One, on a wandering tour among the Kosalans with a large community of monks, arrived at Kesaputta, a town of the Kalamas. The Kalamas of Kesaputta heard it said, “Gotama the contemplative — the son of the Sakyans, having gone forth from the Sakyan clan — has arrived at Kesaputta. And of that Master Gotama this fine reputation has spread: ‘He is indeed a Blessed One, worthy, & rightly self-awakened, consummate in knowledge & conduct, well-gone, a knower of the cosmos, an unexcelled trainer of those persons ready to be tamed, teacher of human & divine beings, awakened, blessed. He has made known — having realized it through direct knowledge — this world with its devas, maras, & brahmas, its generations with their contemplatives & priests, their rulers & common people; has explained the Dhamma admirable in the beginning, admirable in the middle, admirable in the end; has expounded the holy life both in its particulars & in its essence, entirely perfect, surpassingly pure. It is good to see such a worthy one.’”
So the Kalamas of Kesaputta went to the Blessed One. On arrival, some of them bowed down to him and sat to one side. Some of them exchanged courteous greetings with him and, after an exchange of friendly greetings & courtesies, sat to one side. Some of them sat to one side having saluted him with their hands palm-to-palm over their hearts. Some of them sat to one side having announced their name & clan. Some of them sat to one side in silence.
As they sat there, the Kalamas of Kesaputta said to the Blessed One, “Lord, there are some priests & contemplatives who come to Kesaputta. They expound & glorify their own doctrines, but as for the doctrines of others, they deprecate them, revile them, show contempt for them, & disparage them. And then other priests & contemplatives come to Kesaputta. They expound & glorify their own doctrines, but as for the doctrines of others, they deprecate them, revile them, show contempt for them, & disparage them. They leave us absolutely uncertain & in doubt: Which of these venerable priests & contemplatives are speaking the truth, and which ones are lying?”
"Of course you are uncertain, Kalamas. Of course you are in doubt. When there are reasons for doubt, uncertainty is born. So in this case, Kalamas, don’t go by reports, by legends, by traditions, by scripture, by logical conjecture, by inference, by analogies, by agreement through pondering views, by probability, or by the thought, ‘This contemplative is our teacher.’ When you know for yourselves that, ‘These qualities are unskillful; these qualities are blameworthy; these qualities are criticized by the wise; these qualities, when adopted & carried out, lead to harm & to suffering’ — then you should abandon them.
“What do you think, Kalamas? When greed arises in a person, does it arise for welfare or for harm?”
“For harm, lord.”
“And this greedy person, overcome by greed, his mind possessed by greed, kills living beings, takes what is not given, goes after another person’s wife, tells lies, and induces others to do likewise, all of which is for long-term harm & suffering.”
“Yes, lord.”
“Now, what do you think, Kalamas? When aversion arises in a person, does it arise for welfare or for harm?”
“For harm, lord.”
“And this aversive person, overcome by aversion, his mind possessed by aversion, kills living beings, takes what is not given, goes after another person’s wife, tells lies, and induces others to do likewise, all of which is for long-term harm & suffering.”
“Yes, lord.”
“Now, what do you think, Kalamas? When delusion arises in a person, does it arise for welfare or for harm?”
“For harm, lord.”
“And this deluded person, overcome by delusion, his mind possessed by delusion, kills living beings, takes what is not given, goes after another person’s wife, tells lies, and induces others to do likewise, all of which is for long-term harm & suffering.”
“Yes, lord.”
“So what do you think, Kalamas: Are these qualities skillful or unskillful?”
“Unskillful, lord.”
“Blameworthy or blameless?”
“Blameworthy, lord.”
“Criticized by the wise or praised by the wise?”
“Criticized by the wise, lord.”
“When adopted & carried out, do they lead to harm & to suffering, or not?”
“When adopted & carried out, they lead to harm & to suffering. That is how it appears to us.”
"So, as I said, Kalamas: ‘Don’t go by reports, by legends, by traditions, by scripture, by logical conjecture, by inference, by analogies, by agreement through pondering views, by probability, or by the thought, “This contemplative is our teacher.” When you know for yourselves that, “These qualities are unskillful; these qualities are blameworthy; these qualities are criticized by the wise; these qualities, when adopted & carried out, lead to harm & to suffering” — then you should abandon them.’ Thus was it said. And in reference to this was it said.
"Now, Kalamas, don’t go by reports, by legends, by traditions, by scripture, by logical conjecture, by inference, by analogies, by agreement through pondering views, by probability, or by the thought, ‘This contemplative is our teacher.’ When you know for yourselves that, ‘These qualities are skillful; these qualities are blameless; these qualities are praised by the wise; these qualities, when adopted & carried out, lead to welfare & to happiness’ — then you should enter & remain in them.
“What do you think, Kalamas? When lack of greed arises in a person, does it arise for welfare or for harm?”
“For welfare, lord.”
“And this ungreedy person, not overcome by greed, his mind not possessed by greed, doesn’t kill living beings, take what is not given, go after another person’s wife, tell lies, or induce others to do likewise, all of which is for long-term welfare & happiness.”
“Yes, lord.”
“What do you think, Kalamas? When lack of aversion arises in a person, does it arise for welfare or for harm?”
“For welfare, lord.”
“And this unaversive person, not overcome by aversion, his mind not possessed by aversion, doesn’t kill living beings, take what is not given, go after another person’s wife, tell lies, or induce others to do likewise, all of which is for long-term welfare & happiness.”
“Yes, lord.”
“What do you think, Kalamas? When lack of delusion arises in a person, does it arise for welfare or for harm?”
“For welfare, lord.”
“And this undeluded person, not overcome by delusion, his mind not possessed by delusion, doesn’t kill living beings, take what is not given, go after another person’s wife, tell lies, or induce others to do likewise, all of which is for long-term welfare & happiness.”
“Yes, lord.”
“So what do you think, Kalamas: Are these qualities skillful or unskillful?”
“Skillful, lord.”
“Blameworthy or blameless?”
“Blameless, lord.”
“Criticized by the wise or praised by the wise?”
“Praised by the wise, lord.”
“When adopted & carried out, do they lead to welfare & to happiness, or not?”
“When adopted & carried out, they lead to welfare & to happiness. That is how it appears to us.”
"So, as I said, Kalamas: ‘Don’t go by reports, by legends, by traditions, by scripture, by logical conjecture, by inference, by analogies, by agreement through pondering views, by probability, or by the thought, “This contemplative is our teacher.” When you know for yourselves that, “These qualities are skillful; these qualities are blameless; these qualities are praised by the wise; these qualities, when adopted & carried out, lead to welfare & to happiness” — then you should enter & remain in them.’ Thus was it said. And in reference to this was it said.
"Now, Kalamas, one who is a disciple of the noble ones — thus devoid of greed, devoid of ill will, undeluded, alert, & resolute — keeps pervading the first direction [the east] — as well as the second direction, the third, & the fourth — with an awareness imbued with good will. Thus he keeps pervading above, below, & all around, everywhere & in every respect the all-encompassing cosmos with an awareness imbued with good will: abundant, expansive, immeasurable, free from hostility, free from ill will.
"He keeps pervading the first direction — as well as the second direction, the third, & the fourth — with an awareness imbued with compassion. Thus he keeps pervading above, below, & all around, everywhere & in every respect the all-encompassing cosmos with an awareness imbued with compassion: abundant, expansive, immeasurable, free from hostility, free from ill will.
"He keeps pervading the first direction — as well as the second direction, the third, & the fourth — with an awareness imbued with appreciation. Thus he keeps pervading above, below, & all around, everywhere & in every respect the all-encompassing cosmos with an awareness imbued with appreciation: abundant, expansive, immeasurable, free from hostility, free from ill will.
"He keeps pervading the first direction — as well as the second direction, the third, & the fourth — with an awareness imbued with equanimity. Thus he keeps pervading above, below, & all around, everywhere & in every respect the all-encompassing cosmos with an awareness imbued with equanimity: abundant, expansive, immeasurable, free from hostility, free from ill will.
"Now, Kalamas, one who is a disciple of the noble ones — his mind thus free from hostility, free from ill will, undefiled, & pure — acquires four assurances in the here-&-now:
"‘If there is a world after death, if there is the fruit of actions rightly & wrongly done, then this is the basis by which, with the break-up of the body, after death, I will reappear in a good destination, the heavenly world.’ This is the first assurance he acquires.
"‘But if there is no world after death, if there is no fruit of actions rightly & wrongly done, then here in the present life I look after myself with ease — free from hostility, free from ill will, free from trouble.’ This is the second assurance he acquires.
"‘If evil is done through acting, still I have willed no evil for anyone. Having done no evil action, from where will suffering touch me?’ This is the third assurance he acquires.
"‘But if no evil is done through acting, then I can assume myself pure in both respects.’ This is the fourth assurance he acquires.
“One who is a disciple of the noble ones — his mind thus free from hostility, free from ill will, undefiled, & pure — acquires these four assurances in the here-&-now.”
"So it is, Blessed One. So it is, O One Well-gone. One who is a disciple of the noble ones — his mind thus free from hostility, free from ill will, undefiled, & pure — acquires four assurances in the here-&-now:
"‘If there is a world after death, if there is the fruit of actions rightly & wrongly done, then this is the basis by which, with the break-up of the body, after death, I will reappear in a good destination, the heavenly world.’ This is the first assurance he acquires.
"‘But if there is no world after death, if there is no fruit of actions rightly & wrongly done, then here in the present life I look after myself with ease — free from hostility, free from ill will, free from trouble.’ This is the second assurance he acquires.
"‘If evil is done through acting, still I have willed no evil for anyone. Having done no evil action, from where will suffering touch me?’ This is the third assurance he acquires.
"‘But if no evil is done through acting, then I can assume myself pure in both ways.’ This is the fourth assurance he acquires.
"One who is a disciple of the noble ones — his mind thus free from hostility, free from ill will, undefiled, & pure — acquires these four assurances in the here-&-now.
“Magnificent, lord! Magnificent! Just as if he were to place upright what was overturned, to reveal what was hidden, to show the way to one who was lost, or to carry a lamp into the dark so that those with eyes could see forms, in the same way has the Blessed One — through many lines of reasoning — made the Dhamma clear. We go to the Blessed One for refuge, to the Dhamma, and to the Sangha of monks. May the Blessed One remember us as lay followers who have gone to him for refuge, from this day forward, for life.”
翻译：
《卡拉瑪經 KALAMA SUTTA 》取自巴利《增支部 Avguttara nikaya 》
當時，卡拉瑪人們來見世尊。一些頂禮世尊後坐到一旁，一些卡拉瑪人頂禮世尊跟世尊談一些話後才坐到一旁，一些報告他們的姓名、字號後才坐到一旁。有卡莎布塌區的人坐在一旁跟佛陀世尊說：「我畢恭畢敬地頂禮世尊，請問世尊：有一些婆羅門和出家人，來到卡莎布塌區，他們說自己的法是最好的，而看不起別人的法，說別人的法是卑微的。但別的出家人和婆羅門當他們來到卡莎布塌區，也是說自己的法是好的，讚美自己的法，而看不起別人說的法，說別人的法是卑微的。我禮敬世尊，我們很懷疑在他們之中，哪些法是真的！誰的法是謊言呢？」世尊說：卡拉瑪人們！你們的懷疑是對的，你們是應該懷疑的，是應該的。卡拉瑪人們！你們要：
一、不因為他人的口傳、傳說，就信以為真。
二、不因為奉行傳統，就信以為真。
三、不因為是正在流傳的消息，就信以為真。
四、不因為是宗教經典書本，就信以為真。
五、不因為根據邏輯，就信以為真。
六、不因為根據哲理，就信以為真。
七、不因為符合常識外在推理，就信以為真。
八、不因為符合自己的預測、見解、觀念，就信以為真。
九、不因為演說者的威信，就信以為真。
十、不因為他是導師、大師，就信以為真。
經 文
如是我聞，一時世尊與大比丘眾俱，遊行拘薩羅國，入於名為克薩普塔之卡拉瑪族邑。克薩普塔卡拉瑪人聞：沙門尊喬達摩是釋迦子，從釋迦出家至克薩普塔，又，彼尊喬達摩有美好稱讚之聲揚，謂：彼世尊亦即是阿羅漢，等正覺者，明行具足者，善逝，世間解，無上士，調御丈夫，天人師，佛，世尊。如是能遇阿羅漢是幸其甚。——其時，克薩普塔之卡拉瑪人即詣世尊之處。詣已，一類之人即問訊世尊而坐於一面；一類人即於世尊互相慶慰；致歡迎，感銘之交談已，一類人即向世尊伸手合掌後坐於一面；一類人即白出名姓後坐於一面；一類人即默然坐於一面。坐於一面之克薩普塔之卡拉瑪人白世尊言：
[大德！有沙門、婆羅門眾來至克薩普塔邑，彼等之述示自說，相反者，對於他說則予駁斥、輕蔑、卑視、拋擲。大德！復有他類沙門、婆羅門來至克薩普塔，彼等即皆只述示自說，相反者，對他說則於駁斥、輕蔑、卑視、拋擲。大德！對彼等，我等有惑，有疑於此等沙門、婆羅門諸氏中，誰語真實？誰語虛妄？]
[卡拉瑪人！汝等所惑是當然，所疑是當然，有惑之處，定會起疑。
[卡拉瑪人！汝等勿信風說；勿信傳說；勿信臆說；勿信於藏經之教相合之說；勿信基於尋思者；勿信基於理趣者；勿信熟慮於因相者；雖說是與審慮忍許之見相合亦勿予信；說者雖堪能亦勿予信；雖說此沙門是我之師亦勿予信之。卡拉瑪人！若汝等只自覺–此法是不善，此法是有罪，此法是智者之所訶毀者。若將此法圓滿、執取之即能引來無益與苦–則卡拉瑪人！汝等於時應斷（彼）！
[卡拉瑪人！汝等如何思維耶？起於人內心之貪是為益耶？或為無益耶？
[大德！為無益。]
[複次，卡拉瑪人！此有貪心之人是為貪所蔽、心為所捕、殺有命者、與他之妻通、語虛誑，已勸他如是作，此是與彼長夜無益、苦耶？]
[大德！唯然！]
[卡拉瑪人！汝等如何思維耶？起於人內心之嗔是為益耶？或為無益耶？]
[大德！為無益。]
[複次，卡拉瑪人！此有嗔心之人是為嗔所蔽、心為所捕、殺有命者、與他之妻通、語虛誑，已勸他如是作，此是與彼長夜無益、苦耶？]
[大德！唯然！]
[卡拉瑪人！汝等如何思維耶？起於人內心之愚痴是為益耶？或為無益耶？]
[大德！為無益。]
[複次，卡拉瑪人！此有愚痴之人是為愚痴所蔽、心為所捕、殺有命者、與他之妻通、語虛誑，已勸他如是作，此是與彼長夜無益、苦耶？]
[大德！唯然！]
[卡拉瑪人！汝等如何思維耶？此等之法是善耶？或不善？]
[大德！是不善。]
[有罪耶？或無罪耶？]
[大德！是有罪。]
[若圓滿執取為能引無益與苦耶？或不耶？]
[大德！圓滿之執取，即能引無益與苦，對此我等之所說是如是。]
[卡拉瑪人！是故，我語：「卡拉瑪人！汝等勿信風說；勿信傳說；勿信臆說；勿信於藏經之教相合之說；勿信基於尋思者；勿信基於理趣者；勿信熟慮於因相者；雖說是與審慮忍許之見相合亦勿予信；說者雖堪能亦勿予信；雖說此沙門是我之師亦勿予信之。卡拉瑪人！若汝等只自覺–此法是不善，此法是有罪，此法是智者之所訶毀者。若將此法圓滿、執取之即能引來無益與苦–則卡拉瑪人！汝等於時應斷（彼）！」如是語者是緣此而說。
[卡拉瑪人！汝等勿信風說；勿信傳說；勿信臆說；勿信於藏經之教相合之說；勿信基於尋思者；勿信基於理趣者；勿信熟慮於因相者；雖說是與審慮忍許之見相合亦勿予信；說者雖堪能亦勿予信；雖說此沙門是我之師亦勿予信之。卡拉瑪人！若汝等只自覺–此法是善，此法是無罪，此法是智者之所稱讚者。若將此法圓滿、執取之即能引來益與樂–則卡拉瑪人！其時應具足而住之。]
[卡拉瑪人！汝等如何思維耶？起於人內心之無貪是為益耶？或為無益耶？]
[大德！為益。]
[複次，卡拉瑪人！此無貪人是不為貪所蔽、心不為所捕、不殺有命者、不與他之妻通、不語虛妄，已勸他如是作，此是與彼長夜之益與樂耶？]
[大德！唯然！]
[卡拉瑪人！汝等如何思維耶？起於人內心之無嗔是為益耶？或為無益耶？]
[大德！為益。]
[複次，卡拉瑪人！此無嗔人是不為貪所蔽、心不為所捕、不殺有命者、不與他之妻通、不語虛妄，已勸他如是作，此是與彼長夜之益與樂耶？]
[大德！唯然！]
[卡拉瑪人！汝等如何思維耶？起於人內心之無痴是為益耶？或為無益耶？]
[大德！為益。]
[複次，卡拉瑪人！此無嗔人是不為痴所蔽、心不為所捕、不殺有命者、不與他之妻通、不語虛妄，已勸他如是作，此是與彼長夜之益與樂耶？]
[大德！唯然！]
[卡拉瑪人！汝等如何思維耶？此等之法是善耶？或不善？]
[大德！是善。]
[有罪耶？或無罪耶？]
[大德！是無罪。]
[是智者之所訶毀者耶？或是智者之所稱讚者耶？]
[大德！是智者之所稱讚者。]
[若圓滿執取為能引益與樂耶？或不耶？]
[大德！圓滿之執取，即能引益與樂，對此我等之所說是如是。]
[卡拉瑪人！是故，我語：「卡拉瑪人！汝等勿信風說；勿信傳說；勿信臆說；勿信於藏經之教相合之說；勿信基於尋思者；勿信基於理趣者；勿信熟慮於因相者；雖說是與審慮忍許之見相合亦勿予信；說者雖堪能亦勿予信；雖說此沙門是我之師亦勿予信之。卡拉瑪人！若汝等只自覺–此法是善，此法是無罪，此法是智者之所稱讚者。若將此法圓滿、執取之即能引來益與樂–則卡拉瑪人！其時應具足而住之。」如是語者是緣此而說。]
[卡拉瑪人！彼聖弟子即如是離貪、離瞋，不愚痴。以正知、正念、以與慈俱行之心。。。與悲俱行之心。。。與喜俱行之心。。。與舍俱行之心。。。徧滿一方世界，第二、第三、第四方亦同。如是橫徧於上下一切處，於一切世界，與舍俱行之心，廣大、無量、無怨、無惱害之心、徧滿而住。卡拉瑪人！彼勝弟子如是心無怨憎，心無貪慾、如是心無雜染，如是心淨，彼於現法得四慰安。
[若有後世，若有善作惡作業之異熟果，既有是處，我身壞、死後得趣天世，此即彼所得之第一慰安。若又無後世，若無善作惡作業之異熟果，與此現法，以無怨、無貪、無苦、有樂來護自己，此即彼所得之第二慰安。若作（惡）之人有惡報，則我將不對任何人懷惡意，不造惡業之人，何有苦耶？此即彼所得之第三慰安。若作惡之人無有惡報，則現在於二者我已清淨，此即彼所得之第四慰安。
[卡拉瑪人！彼勝弟子如是心無怨憎，如是心無貪慾、如是心無雜染，如是心淨，彼於現法得此四種慰安。]
[世尊！此即如是！善逝！此即如是！大德！彼勝弟子如是心無怨憎，如是心無貪慾、如是心無雜染，如是心淨，彼於現法得四慰安。若有後世，若有善作惡作業之異熟果，既有是處，我身壞、死後得趣天世，此即彼所得之第一慰安。若又無後世，若無善作惡作業之異熟果，則我將與此現法，以無怨、無貪、無苦、有樂來護自己，此即彼所得之第二慰安。若作惡之人有惡報，則我將不對任何人懷惡意，不造惡業之人，何有苦之觸？此即彼所得之第三慰安。若作惡之人無有惡報，則現在於二者我已見已知清淨，此即彼所得之第四慰安。大德！彼勝弟子如是心無怨憎，如是心無貪慾、如是心無雜染，如是心淨，彼於現法得此四種慰安。
[奇哉!尊者喬達摩!偉哉!尊者喬達摩!恰如倒者使起，如覆蓋者使露現，如迷者教以道，如闇中持來油燈，使有眼者見諸色，尊者瞿曇以種種法門說示。
[大德！我等今皈依世尊、法、又皈依比丘僧伽，大德！請世尊存念於我等自今日起終生皈依為優婆賽。]