狗的种类 (应该有五百多种)

[tyzhong86]

Group
Working Group - American Kennel Club, Doberman Pinscher Alliance of America, Continental Kennel Club, Fédération Cynologique Internationale, United Kennel Club, Kennel Club of Great Britain, Canadian Kennel Club, Australian National Kennel Club, National Kennel Club, New Zealand Kennel Club, Canadian Canine Registry, American Pet Registry Inc., American Canine Registry
Native Country
Germany
Breed Description

Head: Long and dry. Strong, blunt wedge-shape. Stop not pronounced. Muzzle line almost at level with topline of skull. Powerful, broad jaws. Lips smooth, lying close to the jaws.
Ears: Set on high. Cropped, erect, length in proportion to length of the head. If not cropped, semi-drop with the front edge lying alongside the cheek.
Eyes: Medium size. Oval. Dark color.
Body: Square body outline. Dry, well muscled neck. Powerful forechest. Clearly defined hocks. Well developed chest with slightly sprung ribs. Belly well tucked up. Rounded croup. Solid, short back.
Tail: Set high, short, docked after the second caudal vertebra.
Hair: Short, hard, thick, smooth, and close-lying. No undercoat.
Coat: Black or brown with clearly defined tan markings on the muzzle, cheeks, throat, forechest, legs, and feet.
Size: Dog: 68 to 72 cm. (27-28 in).Bitch: 63 to 68 cm (25-27 in).
Weight: Dog: 40 to 45 kg. (88-99 lb).Bitch: 32 to 35 kg. (70.5-77 lb).

History

This breed’s history begins in Apolda, a small German village in the province of Thueringen. F. L. Doberman developed this fearless guard dog to protect him as he made his rounds collecting taxes. Around 1870, he crossed a number of aggressive breeds (many ancestors of the Rottweiler), including local black and tan sheepdogs, the German Pinscher, the German Shepherd, the Beauceron, and the Rottweiller. The result was a vigilant working dog, farm dog, guard dog, and police dog. For hunting, the Doberman was used to fight off predators. Later, new blood was added, notably the black and tan Terrier and probably the Greyhound. In 1910, the standard for the Doberman was established. During World War I, the Doberman served as a patrol, as a sentry at military bases, and as a guide dog for soldiers blinded during the fighting.

Behavior

This is not a dog for everyone. He requires an authoritative owner who is fair, calm and will assert himself with patience and gentleness. The Doberman is blindly loyal and devoted to his owner and can be trusted with children. He is a born guardian and is extremely wary of strangers. Fundamentally peace-loving, the Doberman is an emotionally sensitive dog and does not like conflict.

Advice

This dog needs space and exercise to burn off his energy. He will not tolerate being tied up. Regular brushing is required.

Function

Working dog, police dog, army dog. guard and defense dog, pet.

[tyzhong86]

Group
National Kennel Club, American Pet Registry Inc., American Canine Registry, American Canine Association
Native Country
Argentina
Other Names
Argentinean Mastiff
Breed Description

Head: Molossian appearance. Strong, well chiseled. Capacious, convex skull. Deep wrinkles on forehead. Slightly hollow muzzle. Powerful jaws.
Ears: Set on high. Held erect or semi-erect, v-shaped. Generally cropped.
Eyes: Dark or hazel color.
Body: Powerful without bulkiness. Arched, strong neck. Deep, full chest. Solid back.
Tail: Long and thick, naturally hanging down.
Hair: Short, thick, lying close to the skin.
Coat: White. Any color marking is a disqualification.
Size: Dog: 62 to 65 cm. (24.-26.5 in).Bitch: 57 to 60 cm. (22.5-23.5 in).
Weight: 40 to 50 kg. (88-110.5 lb).

History

This breed was created in Argentina by the Martinez brothers in the early twentieth century. The root stock was the Fighting Dog of Cordoba, a ferocious mastiff. As the breed was developed it was crossed with the Spanish Mastiff, the Great Pyrenees, the Great Dane, the Boxer, mastiffs, the Bulldog, pointers, and the Irish Wolfhound. The result was a versatile breed that could be used for hunting, fighting, guard duties, and more. The first standard was written in 1928 and approved by the Argentina Kennel Club in 1965. In 1973, the FCI established a standard for the breed, and, in 1975, officially recognized the first and only breed ever developed in Argentina.

Behavior

This is a very robust, active, energetic, agile, courageous breed. The Dogo Argentino is calm, peaceful, affectionate, and docile. He is very sociable and needs to stay close to his owner. He rarely barks. This breed is aggressive and dominant with other dogs, and is fearsome indeed when defending his owner?s property. Firm training is required, but be gentle with this sensitive dog.

Advice

The Dogo Argentino can adjust to life in an apartment if he can get out two or three times each day and get plenty of exercise. He should be outdoors as much as possible. Brushing once or twice per week and bathing two or three times per year is recommended. It is necessary to clean his eyes regularly to avoid streaks.

Function

Hunting dog (large game: boar, puma, etc.). Utility dog: police dog, army dog, customs, search and rescue, guide dog. Guard dog. Pet.

[tyzhong86]

Group
National Kennel Club, American Pet Registry Inc., American Canine Registry, American Canine Association
Native Country
The Netherlands
Other Names
Drentse Patrijshond, Drentsche Patrijshond, Dutch Partridge Dog
Breed Description

Head: Broad and flat. Slight stop. Straight nosebridge. Wedge-shaped muzzle. Brown nose.
Ears: Covered with long hair, hanging flat against the cheeks.
Eyes: Amber.
Body: Compact. Deep chest. Long ribs. Broad loin. Powerful back. Fairly long, slightly sloping croup.
Tail: Long, hanging down at rest, raised in action.
Hair: Thick, medium in length on the body. Feathering on the ears, legs, and tail.
Coat: White with brown or orangish spots.
Size: Dog: 57 to 63 cm (22,5-24,8 in).Bitch: slightly less.
Weight: 20 to 25 kg (44-55 lb).

History

Known for centuries, the Drentse Partridge Dog was developed in Drentse, a province of northeastern Holland. He is thought to be descended from the same strain as spaniels and setters. He is not very well-known, even in his native country.

Behavior

Quite persistent and gifted with a very subtle nose, the Drentse Partridge Dog is just as comfortable in the field as he is in swampland. He hunts all game birds (patrijshond means “partridge dog”) and ground game. He points precisely and is an excellent retriever. This good-natured dog makes a nice pet.

Advice

He needs space and exercise, as well as daily brushing.

Function

Hunting dog, companion dog.

[tyzhong86]

Group
National Kennel Club, Fédération Cynologique Internationale, American Pet Registry Inc., American Canine Registry, American Canine Association
Native Country
Sweden
Other Names
Swedish Dachsbracke, Swedish Pointer
Breed Description

Head: Relatively large and long. Slightly pronounced stop. Straight or slightly curved nosebridge. Strong, very angular muzzle. Large nose.
Ears: Medium in length, wide with rounded tips, hanging flat against head.
Eyes: Dark brown. Thin lids.
Body: Can be inscribed inside a rectangle. Long, fairly strong neck without dewlap. Well-developed chest. Base of sternum below elbows. Powerful, relatively short loin. Slight tuck-up. Straight, strong back. Broad, strong, slightly sloping croup.
Tail: Long, thick at the base, carried hanging down.
Hair: Dense, straight. Relatively short on the head, lower legs, and underside of the tail. Longer on the neck, back, and backs of the thighs. Forming a brush at the tip of the tail.
Coat: All colors allowed but white markings highly visible on all sides are required. White flare and collar very desirable, as are white markings on the tip of the tail and feet. Colors must be pure.
Size: Dog: 32 to 40 cm. (12.5-15.5 in).Bitch: 30 to 38 cm. (11.8-15 in).
Weight: approx.15 kg (33lb).

History

This very ancient breed is quite similar to the Westphalian Basset, since it is a cross between the Westphalian Basset and local hound breeds. Some believe the Dachschund was used. The Drever was officially recognized by the Swedish Kennel Club in 1947 and by the FCI in 1953. The first standard was established in 1953. The Drever is not very well known outside his native country.

Behavior

Tenacious, courageous, and alert, the Drever has an exceptional nose and a loud voice. He hunts alone or in packs for hare, fox, and even wild boar. He makes a pleasant companion and needs a firm owner.

Advice

He needs space and exercise for his well-being. He also requires regular brushing.

Function

Hunting dog.

[tyzhong86]

Group
National Kennel Club, Fédération Cynologique Internationale, American Pet Registry Inc., American Canine Registry, American Canine Association
Native Country
France
Other Names
Pointing Greyhound
Breed Description

Head: Long, narrow, slender, cleanly cut. Narrow, long, domed skull. Very pronounced occipital peak. No stop. Long, narrow, curved nosebridge. Dark brown, broad nose. Tight-lipped.
Ears: Fairly long, narrow, very thin and supple, very pendulous and carried loosely back.
Eyes: Golden or brown.
Body: Slender. Neck very long, lightly boned, thin, without dewlap. Very open withers. Chest high, well let-down, deep. Flat ribs. Very developed sternum. Flanks slightly hollow, tuck-up. Level back. Slightly clean-flanked, powerful, fairly short loin
Tail: Of medium thickness, fairly long, carried low or very loosely curved. Fairly well-furnished with hair.
Hair: Fairly short, always smooth. Close-lying and very fine on the head and ears. Rough on the back and loin.
Coat: White and dark brown. Lovely white ground with brown spots of varying size or brown mantle with or without spots, brown mottling mainly on the forelegs. Very thin skin.
Size: Dog: 67 to 68 cm. (26.5 in). Bitch: 65 to 66 cm. (25.5 in).
Weight: Approx. 30 kg (66 lb).

History

This very ancient breed, known since the eighteenth century and named after the French breeder from Poitou who created it. The Dupuy Pointing Dog is thought to be descended from a cross between the Poitou Pointing Dog and the English Pointer or between the old French Pointing Dog and the Greyhound or Arabian Greyhound (the Dupuy Pointing Dog is also called the “Pointing Greyhound”). The breed was very common in the Poitou region and in western France in the early twentieth century. Today, it is practically extinct.

Behavior

The Dupuy Pointing Dog is large, slender, and dignified. Quick, light-footed, flexible, and keen-nosed, this firm pointer was used for hunting in the plains.

Advice

He needs space and exercise.

Function

Hunting dog.

[tyzhong86]

Group
National Kennel Club, Fédération Cynologique Internationale, American Pet Registry Inc., American Canine Registry, American Canine Association
Native Country
Netherlands
Other Names
Hollandse Herder, Hollandse Herdershond
Breed Description

Ears: Small, erect, held forward. Rounded ears are not permitted.
Eyes: Almond-shaped, of medium size. Dark color.
Body: Solid and well-balanced. No dewlap. Deep chest. Ribs are slightly sprung. Solid loin. Straight, short, powerful back.
Tail: Attached low, hanging in a slight curve. Reaches the hocks when relaxed; carried high when in motion.
Hair: The most common variety has short hair over all of the body, with a wooly undercoat. Collarette, culottes, and flag tail. Long-haired variety has long hair over all of the body lying close to the body. Straight, harsh, not wavy or curly, with a wooly undercoat. Tail is covered with long, thick hair. The rough-haired variety has thick, wiry hair over all of the body, held away from the body by a thick, wooly undercoat. Dense, long hair on tail and long culottes.
Coat: Short and long-haired varieties: shades of brindle on a brown or gray background. Black mask preferred. Rough-haired variety: blue-gray, salt and pepper, gold or silver brindle
Size: Dog: 57 to 62 cm. (22.5-24.5 in).Bitch: 55 to 60 cm (21.6-23.6 in).
Weight: Approx. 30 kg. (66 lb).

History

This breed, developed in the Netherlands in the 19th century, is a cross between local sheepdogs and the Belgian Malinois. The varieties (short-, long-, and rough-haired) have been introduced over the years at dog shows.

Behavior

This lively, rustic breed has great endurance and is an excellent jumper. He is affectionate, calm, loyal, gentle with children, and very attached to his owner. The Dutch Shepherd is fairly aggressive toward other dogs. A guard dog to the core, he makes an excellent army or police dog.

Advice

This dog needs heavy physical activity on a daily basis. The three hair-types require weekly brushing.

Function

Sheepdog, guard dog, pet.

[tyzhong86]

Group
National Kennel Club, Fédération Cynologique Internationale, American Pet Registry Inc., American Canine Registry, American Canine Association
Native Country
Denmark
Other Names
Hollandse Smoushound, Hollandse Smoushondje
Breed Description

Head: Short and broad. Domed skull. Distinct stop. Moderately short jaws. Fine lips.
Ears: Small, fine, set on high, falling forward along the cheeks.
Eyes: Large, round. Dark color. Dark rims.
Body: Sturdy. Short neck. Broad chest. Well sprung ribs. Muscular croup. Belly very slightly drawn up. Straight, broad back.
Tail: Natural or cropped to one third of its length. If natural, relatively short length, carried gaily.
Hair: Body: 4 to 7 cm (1,5 to 3 in) long; harsh, straight, slightly shaggy, not wavy or curly; adequate undercoat. Legs: medium length. Tail: bushy, without feathering. Head: short on the skull and long on the cheeks; mustaches, beard and long eyebrows.
Coat: Any shade of solid yellow. Preferably dark straw color. Ears, mustaches, beard and eyebrows are darker than the rest of the coat.
Size: Dog: 37 to 42 cm (14,5-16,5 in).Bitch: 35 to 40,5 cm (14-16 in).
Weight: 9 to 10 kg (20-22 lb).

History

The Smoushondje, which means dog of the Jews in Dutch, were very common in the Netherlands in the past. The Dutch Smoushond was considered a stable dog. He kept the stable clear of rats and accompanied horses and drivers.

Behavior

This affectionate, cheerful, well-balanced dog makes an excellent family pet.

Advice

Weekly brushing is required.

Function

Pet

[tyzhong86]

Group
Sporting Group - American Kennel Club, Continental Kennel Club, Fédération Cynologique Internationale, United Kennel Club, Kennel Club of Great Britain, Canadian Kennel Club, Australian National Kennel Club, National Kennel Club, New Zealand Kennel Club, Canadian Canine Registry, American Pet Registry Inc., American Canine Registry
Native Country
Great Britain
Other Names
Cocker Spaniel, Cocker
Breed Description

Head: Long. Well-developed, chiseled skull. Pronounced stop. Very angular muzzle. Strong jaws. Wide nose.
Ears: Set on low, lobe-shaped, thin. Long, straight, silky feathering.
Eyes: Brown or hazel, depending on coat color.
Body: Stocky, square build. Neck moderately long, muscular, without dewlap. Well-developed chest. Well-sprung ribs. Short, broad loin. Broad, well-muscled croup.
Tail: Set on low, carried level to the ground, never raised. Usually docked. Constant wagging of the tail in action is typical.
Hair: Flat, silky, never wirehaired or wavy, not too thick and never curly. Feathering on the legs and body.
Coat: Various colors. In the whole-colored variety, white is allowed only on the chest.
Size: Dog: 39 to 41 cm (15.5-16 in).Bitch: 38 to 39 cm (15-15,5 in).
Weight: 12 to 14.5 kg (26.5-32 lb).

History

The English Cocker Spaniel is descended from the spaniel that inhabited Great Britain since the fourteenth century and was used for netting game birds (“spaniel” comes from the word espainholz, derived from the Old French term epaignir, meaning “to lie down”, which is exactly what setters did in order not to disturb the hunter as he threw his net over game). The English Cocker Spaniel was developed by British breeders. In the eighteenth century, he was used on woodcock. A splash of English toy spaniel was added, and the new breed was officially recognized in 1883. He was first imported to France and the United States at about the same time. The Spaniel Club was founded in 1898. Today, this very popular breed (the best known and most common of the spaniels) is considered above all as a model pet.

Behavior

Vigorous, very active, tenacious, and lively, the English Cocker is a great hunter of fowl and ground game on rugged terrain. He does not fear brambles. With his very keen sense of smell, he tracks ten or fifteen meters away from the hunter. His search is hard-driving. After pointing, he snaps at any game and uses his voice as he flushes it. He has been used widely on rabbit. He is a good retriever but sometimes has difficulty carrying a duck in his mouth in deep water. Merry, playful, exuberant, and bursting with life, he is strong-willed and independent but also affectionate and gentle. He is a charming pet.

Advice

He can live in an apartment, but long, daily walks are necessary. He requires brushing and combing twice weekly and grooming twice or three times per year. His ears must be checked regularly.· Hunting dog. Companion dog.

Function

Hunting dog, companion dog.

[tyzhong86]

Group
Hound Group - American Kennel Club, Continental Kennel Club, Fédération Cynologique Internationale, Canadian Kennel Club, National Kennel Club, New Zealand Kennel Club, American Pet Registry Inc., American Canine Registry
Native Country
Great Britain
Other Names
Foxhound
Breed Description

Head: Well-developed, with a broad skull. Slight stop. Muzzle relatively long.
Ears: Set-on high. Medium, wide, hanging flat.
Eyes: Round, brown.
Body: Built for speed and endurance. Neck long but not thick. Shoulders not heavy. Deep chest and rounded ribs. Well-muscled hindquarters.
Tail: Long, curving slightly inward.
Hair: Short, dense, hard, glossy.
Coat: Tricolor: white and fawn with a black mantle. - Bicolor: white and orangish-fawn.
Size: Dog: 56 to 63 cm (23-25 in).Bitch: 53 to 61 cm (21-24 in).
Weight: 30 to 35 kg.

History

The origins of the English Foxhound, the only large game hunting breed from England, are under debate. He is believed to have been developed in Great Britain around the fifteenth century for fox hunting from Staghounds, deer-hunting bloodhounds. Hunters wanted smaller, much faster, hardier dogs and were less concerned with voice and sense of smell. Fox hunting reached its peak in England in the first half of the nineteenth century. The English Foxhound was a favorite of Napoleon III. By the seventeenth century, the breed was used in the United States to develop the American Foxhound. Because of his bone structure, vigor, and hardiness, the English Foxhound was also used in France to develop pack hounds for large game hunting. The breed remains fairly rare in France.

Behavior

This robust, courageous, tireless, speedy dog with a fighting spirit can cover 6.5 km in 8 minutes and maintain a swift gallop for hours on end. With a relatively weak nose and voice, the English Foxhound always stays in sight of his quarry. His unique specialty in England is fox, but in France he hunts wild boar and deer. He is very skilled in the water. He is not really a companion dog. He needs a firm owner he can accept as the leader of the pack.

Advice

For a pack of dogs in the country, kennel life is best. Apartment life is not ideal. The English Foxhound does not like to be alone or idle. He requires regular brushing.

Function

Hunting dog.

[tyzhong86]

Group
Sporting Group - American Kennel Club, Continental Kennel Club, Fédération Cynologique Internationale, United Kennel Club, Kennel Club of Great Britain, Canadian Kennel Club, Australian National Kennel Club, National Kennel Club, New Zealand Kennel Club, American Pet Registry Inc., American Canine Registry
Native Country
Great Britain
Other Names
Laverack Setter
Breed Description

Head: Long, cleanly cut, carried high. Oval skull. Prominent occipital peak. Pronounced stop. Fairly square muzzle. Strong jaws. Nose black or liver, depending on coat color. Lips not too pendulous.
Ears: Set on low, medium in length, falling in well-defined folds against the cheeks.
Eyes: Hazel to dark brown.
Body: Moderately long. Neck fairly long, muscular, cleanly cut, slightly curved, without dewlap. Chest well let-down, deep, high, broad. Well-sprung ribs. Loin broad, strong, slightly clean-flanked. Short, level back.
Tail: Medium in length, curved loosely inward or carried in sickle fashion. Long feathering.
Hair: Starting from the back of the head behind ears, slightly wavy but not curly, long, and silky. Feathering on the legs.
Coat: Black and white (blue belton), orange and white (orange belton), lemon and white (lemon belton), brown and white (liver belton), or tricolor (black, white, and tan or brown). All patterns without heavy patching on the body. An entirely flecked coat is preferable.
Size: Dog: 65 to 68 cm. (25.5-27 in).Bitch: 61 to 65 cm. (24-25.5 in).
Weight: 25-30 kg (55-66 lb).

History

The English Setter is the oldest British setter type dog. In the sixteenth century, he was used in netting game birds. He was named the Laverack Setter after E. Laverack, a breeder from Shropshire County who modified and improved the breed beginning in 1825 through inbreeding and selection. Laverack continued his efforts for fifty years. He is believed to have used pointers (including the English Pointer) and spaniels. The new breed was recognized by the Kennel Club by 1873. The first English Setters were imported to France in 1879, and the first breed club was founded in 1891. Together with the Brittany Spaniel, the English Setter is the best known and most common setter type breed.

Behavior

Hardy, enthusiastic, lively, and fast, the English Setter can hunt on all types of terrain but is best suited to wetlands and swamps, rather than dry terrain. With his excellent nose, he has a wide search range and skims over the ground at a fluid trot, approaching game much like a cat. He sets (points game) either half-crouched or flat on the ground. Woodcock is one of his specialties. Very friendly, gentle, affectionate, and good-natured, he is often kept as a pet. He needs firm but gentle, patient training.

Advice

He needs space and exercise. He does not like being confined. He requires brushing twice weekly, as well as regular attention to the ears.

Function

Hunting dog, companion dog.

[tyzhong86]

Group
Sporting Group - American Kennel Club, Continental Kennel Club, Fédération Cynologique Internationale, United Kennel Club, Kennel Club of Great Britain, Canadian Kennel Club, Australian National Kennel Club, National Kennel Club, New Zealand Kennel Club, Canadian Canine Registry, American Pet Registry Inc., American Canine Registry
Native Country
Great Britain
Breed Description

Head: Long. Skull fairly broad, slightly domed. Pronounced stop. Broad, high muzzle. Strong jaws. Flat cheeks. Flews well let-down.
Ears: Set on at eye level, fairly long, hanging close to the head. Nice feathering.
Eyes: Almond-shaped, dark.
Body: Rectangular build. Neck b and muscular, without dewlap. Well let-down, well-developed chest. Well-sprung ribs. Muscular, b loin.
Tail: Set on low, never carried higher than the topline. Well-feathered. Usually docked.
Hair: Dense, straight, weather-resistant, never harsh. Feathering on the ears, body, and legs.
Coat: Liver and white, black and white, or one of these combinations with tan markings.
Size: Approx. 51 cm (20 in).
Weight: Approx. 22.5 kg (50 lb).

History

The English Springer Spaniel is one of the oldest hunting dog breeds. His ancestors are thought to be the spaniel of the Middle Ages, as well as the Norfolk Spaniel. British breeders made numerous crosses, particularly with the old Water Spaniel. With a head similar to that of the French Spaniel, the English Springer is the father of all spaniels except the Clumber Spaniel. The breed was officially recognized in 1902 and became the most popular hunting dog in the British Isles. His presence in France, where he is rarely used as a hunting dog, is relatively recent.

Behavior

This hardy, tough, vigorous, energetic, swift dog with a keen nose fears neither thickets nor wet ground. He is stronger and more driven than the English Cocker Spaniel. He tracks actively and persistently, snapping vigorously at game. He lunges into thickets, causing game to spring out in a panic (as the name suggests, a “springer” is a dog who lunges and flushes game). The English Springer Spaniel excels on rabbit, pheasant, woodcock, and waterfowl. He is also a remarkable retriever, especially in the water. A bit rambunctious and strong-tempered, he needs firm training. He can be a good pet.

Advice

He is not at all suited to apartment life. He needs space and lots of exercise, as well as brushing twice weekly and regular checking of the ears.

Function

Hunting dog.

[tyzhong86]

Group
National Kennel Club, Continental Kennel Club, Fédération Cynologique Internationale, American Pet Registry Inc., American Canine Registry, American Canine Association
Native Country
Switzerland
Other Names
Entlebucher Sennehund, Entelbuch Mountain Dog, Entlebuch Cattle Dog
Breed Description

Head: Well proportioned. Flat forehead. Slight stop. Powerful jaws.
Ears: Set on high, not overly large, hanging flat against the head. Tip of ear well rounded.
Eyes: Fairly small. Brown color. Lively expression.
Body: Slightly longer than tall. Short, compact neck. Broad, deep chest. Strong, straight back.
Tail: Docked at birth.
Hair: Short, thick, hard, shiny, lying close to the skin.
Coat: Black with markings ranging from yellow to rust above the eyes, on the cheeks, and on all four legs. Symmetrical markings on the head (flare), neck, forechest, and feet. Yellow to rust markings must always appear between the black and white.
Size: 40 to 50 cm (16-20 in).
Weight: 15 to 25 kg (33-55 lb).

History

This small Swiss mountain dog is closely related to the Appenzeller. He is named after the region where he originated, Entlebuch in the canton of Lucerne. Bred to guard and drive cattle, the Entelbucher was very popular in the past. The breed almost disappeared, but then began a comeback in 1913.

Behavior

This robust, agile, stable dog is an excellent guard, both of cattle and its owner’s property. The friendly Entelbucher makes also an excellent pet. The breed is used to transport milk and cheese. Naturally good tempered, the Entelbucher is easy to train.

Advice

This breed needs exercise and room to run. Regular brushing is required.

Function

Cattle drover, guard dog, pet.

[tyzhong86]

Group
National Kennel Club, Continental Kennel Club, American Pet Registry Inc., American Canine Registry, American Canine Association
Native Country
Portugal
Other Names
Cao da Serra da Estrela, Portuguese Sheepdog
Breed Description

Head: Strong and capacious. Convex profile to the skull. Stop not pronounced. Powerful jaws. Elongated nose bridge.
Ears: Small, narrow, triangular with rounded tips, drop. Cropped ears are permissible.
Eyes: Medium size, oval. Dark amber color preferred. Black rims.
Body: Compact. Short, thick neck. Deep, broad, rounded brisket. Short, broad loin. Short back. Croup slightly sloped
Tail: Long, carried down reaching the tip of the hock joint. Richly clad (feathering in long-haired variety).
Hair: Thick, slightly coarse, rather goatlike, smooth or slightly wavy. Two varieties exist; the long-haired variety is the most common, while the short-haired variety has almost disappeared.
Coat: Only shades of fawn, wolf gray and yellow, solid color or parti-color.
Size: Dog: 65 to 72 cm (25.5-28 in).Bitch: 62 to 68 cm (24.5-27 in).
Weight: Dog: 40 to 50 kg (88-110 lb).Bitch: 30 to 40 kg (66-88 lb).

History

The origins of the Estrela Mountain Dog, which is fairly popular in Portugal, are not known, but it is thought to be the oldest breed on the Iberian peninsula. Descended from the Asian molussus and related to the Spanish Mastiff, this breed was developed on Serra da Estrela mountain. Traditionally used as a sheepdog to protect the flock from wolves, the Estrela Mountain Dog is also used as a draft dog. This breed’s standard was established in 1934. Introduced in France in 1986, it is still quite uncommon outside of Portugal.

Behavior

This impassive dog has quick reflexes. He is extremely hardy, energetic, and courageous. The Estrela Mountain Dog is devoted to protecting the flock and works hard as a defense dog and draft dog. His exceptional sense of smell makes him a good hunter. Distrustful of strangers, and even aggressive, he is known as an excellent guard dog. Docile and calm with his owners, he makes an excellent family pet. Firm, but gentle, training must be started at a very early age.

Advice

This dog is not suited to city living. He needs exercise and room to run to expend his energy. Regular brushing is required for the long-haired variety.

Function

Herder, guard dog, police dog, army dog, pet.

[tyzhong86]

Group
Fédération Cynologique Internationale, National Kennel Club, Continental Kennel Club, American Pet Registry Inc., American Canine Registry, American Canine Association, Australian National Kennel Club
Native Country
Germany
Other Names
Wolf-Chow, Eurasier
Breed Description

Head: Triangular. Wedge-shaped skull is not overly broad. Stop not pronounced. Muzzle tapers to the nose. Strong jaws. Black lips.
Ears: Medium size, triangular, slightly rounded tips. Held erect.
Eyes: Medium size, set slightly obliquely in the skull. Dark color. Black rims.
Body: Solid, not overly short. Muscular neck. Pronounced withers. Prominent forechest. Oval rib cage. Straight, broad croup. Straight, muscular back.
Tail: Straight, round, and solid at the root, tapering to the tip. Carried forward over the back, slightly curved over the side of the loin, or curled.
Hair: Moderately long. Not truly stand-off, but not lying close to the skin. Short on the face, and front of the legs. Longer on the neck, tail, and back of the legs (feathering and culottes). Dense undercoat.
Coat: All colors and combinations are permissible except pure white, pinto, or brown.
Size: Dog: 52 to 60 cm (20.5-23.5 in).Bitch: 48 to 56 cm (19-22 in).
Weight: Dog: 23 to 32 kg (50.8-70.5 b).Bitch: 18 to 26 kg (39.7-57.5 lb).

History

Professor Julius Wipfel created this dog around 1950 by crossing the Chow Chow and the Wolfspitz. Samoyed blood was later introduced. In 1973, the breed was recognized by the FCI and introduced in France.

Behavior

This very vigorous dog is good-natured, friendly, calm, and stable, though he does tend to be a bit noisy. The Eurasian forms a strong bond with his owners and is gentle with children. Though reserved with strangers, he will never attack. The Eurasian is a vigilant guard dog. Rigorous though gentle training is required.

Advice

If this dog is to live indoors, he must get out for daily walks. The Eurasian hates to be left alone or tied up. This very clean dog must be brushed regularly.

Function

Guard dog, pet.

[tyzhong86]

Group
Sporting Group - American Kennel Club, Continental Kennel Club, Fédération Cynologique Internationale, United Kennel Club, Kennel Club of Great Britain, Canadian Kennel Club, Australian National Kennel Club, National Kennel Club, New Zealand Kennel Club, American Pet Registry Inc., American Canine Registry
Native Country
Great Britain
Breed Description

Head: Dignified, finely chiseled, cleanly cut below the eyes. Pronounced occipital peak. Moderate stop. Long, cleanly cut muzzle. Strong jaws. Well-developed nose.
Ears: Set on low. Moderately long and wide, well-feathered.
Eyes: Almond-shaped. Dark hazel.
Body: Long. Long, strong, muscular neck. High, well-developed chest. Moderately well-sprung ribs. Strong, straight, muscular loin. Strong hindquarters. Strong, straight, muscular back.
Tail: Set on low, never carried above the topline. Nicely feathered. Usually docked by one-third.
Hair: Long, flat, glossy, silky. Never curly, short, or hard. Dense and weather-resistant. Abundant feathering on the chest, the underside of the body, and the backs of the legs.
Coat: Solid black, brown (liver), or roan, or one of these colors with tan markings.
Size: Approx. 45 cm (17.5 in).
Weight: 18 to 25 kg (39.5-55 lb).

History

The Field Spaniel has the same origins as the English Cocker Spaniel but is larger, falling midway between the English Cocker Spaniel and the English Springer Spaniel in size. The Sussex Spaniel, the English Springer Spaniel, the English Cocker Spaniel, and perhaps even the Basset Hound were used in developing the breed, which is very rare.

Behavior

Very hardy, tough, active, agile, and powerful but not heavy like the Clumber Spaniel, the Field Spaniel is effective on all types of terrain, from water to thickets. He hunts in a very determined, methodical manner, never losing contact with his owner. After locating game, he flushes it into the air. He is a good retriever, bringing in even large specimens. He is very vigilant and mistrusting of strangers, but he rarely barks. Intelligent, even-tempered, and affectionate, he is one of the most delightful spaniels. He needs patient, flexible training.

Advice

He is entirely unsuited to city life. If he must live in the city, he will need lots of exercise for his well-being. He also needs brushing once or twice weekly, as well as regular attention to the ears.

Function

Hunting dog, companion dog.

[tyzhong86]

Group
Fédération Cynologique Internationale, National Kennel Club, Continental Kennel Club, Club for the improvement of the Fila Brasileiro, American Pet Registry Inc., American Canine Registry, American Canine Association, Australian National Kennel Club
Native Country
Brazil
Other Names
Brazilian Mastiff, Brazilian Molosser, Cao de Fila
Breed Description

Head: Large, square, capacious. Broad skull. Stop not pronounced. Strong, broad, deep muzzle. Broad nose.
Ears: Large, thick, v-shaped, drop.
Eyes: Medium size, almond. Deep chestnut to yellow color. Lids are often drooping.
Body: Strong, longer than tall. Very strong neck with dewlap. Chest broad and well let down. Thick, loose skin.
Tail: Thick at the base and tapering to a point reaching the hock joint.
Hair: Short, thick, soft, lying close to the skin.Short, thick, soft, lying close to the skin.
Coat: Any solid color (except white, mouse-gray, black and tan, or blue), brindle with moderately dark streaking. With or without a black mask. White markings on the feet, chest, and tip of the tail are permissible provided they cover no more than a quarter of the body.
Size: Dog: 65 to 75 cm Bitch: 60 to 70 cm.
Weight: Dog: at least 50 kg Bitch: at least 40 kg.

History

Spanish and Portuguese conquistadors brought mastiffs, scenthounds, and Bloodhounds to Brazil in the seventeenth century. These breeds were crossed with Brazilian dogs to create the Fila Brasileiro. The Fila was originally used to track escaped slaves. Later, the breed was used as a guard and to drive cattle. The Fila Brasileiro was recognized in 1950.

Behavior

This valiant, courageous, fiery, resolute breed can be calm, self-assured, obedient, and tolerant of children. However, firm training is required to achieve these traits. The Fila Brasileiro is distrustful of strangers.

Advice

This breed does not adapt well to urban living. He needs wide open spaces and plenty of exercise.

Function

Cattle driver, guard dog, hunting dog (large game), pet.

[tyzhong86]

Group
Finnish Kennel Club, Fédération Cynologique Internationale, National Kennel Club, Continental Kennel Club, American Pet Registry Inc., American Canine Registry, American Canine Association
Native Country
Finland
Other Names
Suomenajokoïra, Finsk Stövare
Breed Description

Head: Dignified, fairly cleanly cut. Slightly domed skull. Pronounced occipital peak. Stop not very pronounced. Long muzzle. Well-developed nose. Strong jaws.EYES: Dark.
Ears: Moderately long, pendulous.
Eyes: Dark
Body: Longer than it is tall. Neck well-knit, medium in length. Deep chest. Fairly arched ribs. Slight tuck-up. Moderately long, straight, muscular back. Well-developed, powerful croup.
Tail: Long and tapering toward the tip. Usually carried level with the back or slightly lower.
Hair: Moderately long, straight, and fairly stiff.
Coat: Black mantle. Tan markings on the head, abdomen, shoulders, thighs, and elsewhere on the legs. Usually white markings on the head, neck, chest, lower legs, and tip of the tail.
Size: Dog: 55 to 61 cm. (22.5-24 in).Bitch: 52 to 58 cm. (20.5-23 in).
Weight: Approx. 25 kk (55 lb).

History

This breed similar to the Harrier was created by Tammelin, a Finnish metalsmith, by crossing German, Swiss, English, and Scandinavian hounds. The Finnish Hound is believed to have existed since 1700 and is known for hunting fox, hare, elk, and lynx.

Behavior

Fast, energetic, calm, and even-tempered, the Finnish Hound is independent and has a great deal of stamina. He is a pleasant companion in winter when he is not hunting. He needs a firm owner.

Advice

He needs space and lots of exercise and requires regular brushing.

Function

Hunting dog, companion dog.

[tyzhong86]

Group
Finnish Kennel Club, Fédération Cynologique Internationale, National Kennel Club, Continental Kennel Club, American Pet Registry Inc., American Canine Registry, American Canine Association
Native Country
Finland
Other Names
Lapinkoira, Suomenlapinkoira
Breed Description

Head: Fairly short. Broad skull. Distinct stop. Slender, tapering muzzle. Tight lips.
Ears: Held erect and forward. Rather wide set.
Eyes: Fairly wide set. Dark color.
Body: Slightly longer than tall. Dry, strong neck. Deep chest. Belly is slightly tucked up. Straight, broad back.
Tail: Moderate length. Thick and carried curled loosely over the back.
Hair: Moderate length. Straight, rather stand-off and coarse. Dense, soft, thick undercoat.
Coat: Shades of gray-black, fawn with other color markings. Ideal is black with reddish nuances.
Size: Dog: 46 to 52 cm. (18-20.5 in).Bitch: 40 to 46 cm. (15.7-18 in).
Weight: Approx. 25 kg. (55 lb).

History

This breed was developed by the Lapps for hunting and guarding their reindeer herds. It is rare outside of its native Finland.

Behavior

This rustic, energetic, lively dog is always alert, but is still calm and obedient. Wary of strangers, the Finnish Lapphund barks easily. Firm training is required.

Advice

The Finnish Lapphund needs space and plenty of exercise. Regular brushing is required.

Function

Herder, hunting dog, pet.

[tyzhong86]

Group
Non-Sporting Group - American Kennel Club, Finnish Kennel Club, Continental Kennel Club, Fédération Cynologique Internationale, Kennel Club of Great Britain, Australian National Kennel Club, National Kennel Club, New Zealand Kennel Club, American Pet Registry Inc., American Canine Registry
Native Country
Finland
Other Names
Suomenpystikorva (“dog with pointed ears”), Loulou Finnois, Finsk Spets
Breed Description

Head: Moderate size, dry, foxlike. Slightly arched forehead. Pronounced stop. Tight, thin lips.
Ears: Mobile, carried erect. Pointed tips. Covered with fine hair.
Eyes: Medium size. Dark color.
Body: Almost square. Deep chest. Belly slightly tucked up. Almost square. Deep chest. Belly slightly tucked up.
Tail: Carried curled over the loin and pointing toward the thigh.
Hair: Short on the head and front of the legs. Longer and straight on the body, back of the legs, and tail. Much longer on the shoulders, particularly in dogs. Short, soft, dense, lighter-colored undercoat.
Coat: Reddish-brown or golden-red on the back. Lighter shade on the cheeks, under the muzzle, on the chest, abdomen, inside of the legs, back of the thighs, and under the tail. White markings on the feet and a narrow white stripe on the forechest are permitted, as are black hairs on the lips and along the back.
Size: Dog: 42 to 50 cm (16.5-19.7 in).Bitch: 39 to 45 cm (15.5-17.7 in).
Weight: 23 to 27 kg (51-59.5 lb).

History

The Finnish Spitz was probably brought to Finland by nomadic Asian tribes and is related to the Russian Laika. In days of old, the Finnish Spitz was used by the Lapps to track elk and bear. Today, the breed is used to hunt birds like grouse. The first standard was written in 1892, and the breed was recognized by The Kennel Club in 1935. Breeding of the Finnish Spitz began in France in 1968.

Behavior

This lively, courageous, happy dog is well loved as a pet. His hunting instinct is put to use for finding flocks of birds. The breed is very “barkative” and expresses itself with a wide range of sounds, including “yodeling”. His distrust of strangers makes him an excellent guard dog. This sensitive dog requires firm yet gentle training.

Advice

The Finnish Spitz can adapt easily to life as a house dog provided he gets plenty of outdoor exercise and is not left alone for extended periods. This breed is very clean. Daily brushing is required, but professional grooming is not.

Function

Hunting dog, guard dog, pet.

[tyzhong86]

Group
Sporting Group - American Kennel Club, Continental Kennel Club, Fédération Cynologique Internationale, United Kennel Club, Kennel Club of Great Britain, Canadian Kennel Club, Australian National Kennel Club, National Kennel Club, New Zealand Kennel Club, Canadian Canine Registry, American Pet Registry Inc., American Canine Registry
Native Country
Great Britain
Breed Description

Head: Long. Flat, moderately broad skull. Slight stop. Long, strong jaws.
Ears: Small, lying flat against the head.
Eyes: Medium-sized, dark brown or hazel. Round eyes are not tolerated.
Body: Short and rounded. Neck without dewlap. Chest well let-down, fairly broad. Short, angular loin.
Tail: Short, straight, well set-on, carried gaily but never much higher than the topline.
Hair: Dense, moderately fine, as flat as possible. Abundant feathering on the legs and tail.
Coat: Solid black or brown (liver).
Size: Dog: 58 to 61 cm. (22.8-24 in).Bitch: 56 to 59 cm. (22-23.2 in).
Weight: Dog: 27 to 36 kg. (59.5-79.5 lb).Bitch: 25 to 32 kg. (55-70.5 lb).

History

Of English origin, the Flat-coated Retriever existed by the early nineteenth century as the Wavy-coated Retriever. The Irish Setter, the Newfoundland, and the English Pointer are thought to have contributed to the breed; breeders also added a splash of Labrador blood. The Flat-coated Retriever was first shown in 1860. He was commonly used as a utility dog during World War I and was recognized by the FCI in 1935. In the late nineteenth century, he was introduced to France, where his numbers remain modest.

Behavior

Very hardy, tough, lively, swift, and bursting with energy, the Flat-coated Retriever could be called the “Formula 1 of retrievers”. He has exceptional drive and a very subtle nose, and he can swim like an otter. Apart from hunting in fields and woods, he specializes in tracking and retrieving waterfowl. Intelligent, affectionate, merry, gentle, and good-natured, he makes a good pet. He needs gentle but firm training.

Advice

He is not a city dweller. He needs space and exercise, as well as brushing twice weekly and regular attention to the ears.

Function

Hunting dog, utility dog: guide dog, drug detection dog, companion dog.